CLAY PIPE
1850 - 1886(a) Small, cream coloured, earthenware clay pipe bowl. Small, oval shaped barrel, with thick walls and a large opening. It attaches to the stem at an angle. It has become broken from the stem at the base of the bowl.
(b) Long, thin, cylindrical, cream coloured, earthenware clay pipe stem.. Small opening through the centre. Imprinted into either side of the stem is, 'GLASGOW' and 'A.COGHILL'.
Extracted on 19 August 2013 from shaft in the eastern wall of the Main Cell Block (2 Division) by stone masons during wall conservation works.
Details
Details
'GLASGOW'; 'A.COGHILL'
Smoking would have been a welcome relief from the brutality and drudgery of the everyday lives convicts led at Fremantle. However, under certain circumstances, it was an illegal habit, with the Convict Establishment rules forbidding the smoking of tobacco inside the yard, cells, the cookhouse, washhouse, or inside any of the workshops.
Since tobacco was not a part of a convict’s rations, it was soon regarded as a valuable black market commodity within the Establishment’s community. Used for tipping, bribery and barter amongst convicts and staff, convicts even had their own slang words for tobacco, such as ‘weed’ and pipe ‘steamer’. By the 1860s, the term ‘smoko’ had entered the colonial language, meaning to take a short break from work to have a smoke.
Clay pipes of this period conformed to a basic shape; a hemispherical egg or egg-shaped bowl on top of a long tapering stem. The mouthpiece could either be moulded or left unformed. Pipes were produced from fine clays, which were generally fired to create a cream or white colour.
The clay pipes with the accession number 2013.16.4-6 in the Fremantle Prison Collection were extracted from a shaft in the eastern wall of the Main Cell Block in 2 Division, by stone masons during wall conservation works in August 2013. It is possible that these clay pipes may have been deliberately hidden for later retrieval. With a large inmate population, and little privacy, tucking pipes, tobacco and other precious items beneath the floor or in the walls of the Establishment, was one way of retaining ownership of private possessions.
These clay pipes are highly significant, both historically and socially, as examples of the everyday existence, habits and conditions under which the inmates at the Convict Establishment lived. All examples in the collection are provenanced to the site, with some examples removed directly from their hiding place inside the walls in relatively good condition. As examples of common items used on site during the early convict period, from which Fremantle Prison receives its UNESCO World Heritage listing, these clay pipes have international significance.
