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World War 1, Fretwork Frame and Photograph, 748 VILLIS, 10 Light Horse,1915

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Subcollections

10 Australian Light Horse - Troopers 1914-1920

Overview

Fretwork frame depicting Gallipoli action with photograph of 748 Trooper Leyshon Villis from Kalgoorlie, 2nd Reinforcements, enlisted 14 November 1914, killed in action at The Nek, 7 August 1915. Fretwork shows Digger fighting Turk in trench with inscription "Hero of Our Home", Variously coloured in brown tones

Historical information

10 Light Horse was raised as a squadron, then a regiment in October 1914.and formed part of the 3rd Light Horse Brigade in Egypt. The Regiment served dismounted in Gallipoli and fought at the charge at the Nek on 7 August 1915, and at Hill 60 on 29-30 August. The only Victoria Cross awarded to a Light Horseman recognised the valour of Lieutenant Hugo Throssell at Hill 60.
After Gallipoli the Regiment was bought up to strength to defended Egypt from the Ottoman Army advancing on the Suez Canal. Through 1916 they drove the Turks across the deserts of Sinai, participating in the battles of Romani and Magdhaba.
In 1917 as part of the Desert Column they advanced into Palestine and participated in the bloody battles to break the Gaza-Beersheba line and helped capture Jerusalem. They participated in the Es Salt Raid in May 1918. In August they were equipped with swords and retrained as cavalry. In this role they took part in the rout of the Ottoman army in the Jordan Valley, a campaign the light horse referred to as "The Great Ride". In September the 10th was the first formed regiment to enter Damascus.
Turkey surrendered on 30 October 1918. After the end of the war, the regiment saw action in putting down the Egyptian uprising of 1919. The Regiment was one of the few to return home as a formed unit.

Details

Registration number

cwa-org-32-53-252

Inscriptions and markings

The Nek attack on August 7th at 4:30 am during the Gallipoli Campaign was a tragic military endeavor. The assault began with the 8th Light Horse Regiment forming the first line. However, a misjudgment in the artillery fire cessation, stopping seven minutes early, alerted the well-prepared Turkish forces. Despite a seemingly substantial bombardment, it had minimal impact on the Turkish trenches. When the first line attacked, the Turks were ready and swiftly eliminated them within 30 seconds, leaving only three men from the right of the line reaching the Turkish parapet.
The second line, comprised of the 8th Light Horse Regiment as well, faced a similar fate, being mowed down by Turkish gunfire. The third line, consisting of Western Australians from the 10th Light Horse Regiment, persisted despite attempts by Lieutenant Commander Noel Brazier to cancel the attack. At 4:45 am, the third line went over and faced the same devastating outcome.
Amidst confusion and noise, the fourth line, positioned in the firing trench, received a premature signal to advance, resulting in troops to the right initiating the attack. Major J.B. Scott intervened to stop the rest of the fourth line from charging. The toll was severe, with the 3rd Light Horse Brigade suffering significant losses – 151 men from the 8th Light Horse Regiment and 78 from the 10th Light Horse Regiment were killed at the Nek. An additional 11 and five died within days from their wounds, respectively, and the 9th Light Horse lost four men. In total, of the 600 men across the four lines, 249 perished, and over 100 were wounded, marking a tragic episode in the Gallipoli Campaign.

Links to additional resources

10 Light Horse Memorial Kings Park

Australian Army Museum of Western Australia

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