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Post 1945, Peacekeeping, United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP), 1950 - 1985

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Overview

India and Pakistan have fought over control of Kashmir since 1947. As part of an international response, The United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) was formed to report to the UN Security Council on the conflict between India and Pakistan. Australia was involved in this peacekeeping operation from 1950 to 1985.

Historical information

Since 1947, India and Pakistan have fought over control of the mountainous territory of Kashmir. Jammu and Kashmir was a princely state on the border of the new countries.with majority Muslim population but a Hindu ruler.The international community has been unable to help negotiate an agreed way forward.
India took the dispute to the United Nations (UN) Security Council on 1 January 1948. The Security Council responded by establishing the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP). UNCIP was tasked with investigating the dispute and mediating between the 2 countries. The UN posted an international group of military observers along the CFL.
The United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) wa ssubsequently formed to report to the UN Security Council on the conflict between India and Pakistan over the future of Jammu and Kashmir. As part of an international response through the UN, Australia became involved in peacekeeping operations from 1950 to 1985.

Details

Registration number

cwa-org-32-57-031

Inscriptions and markings

Australia provided 6-person observer teams to the mission. Each team served tours of duty of 1 or 2 years. Australia drew most of its peacekeepers for Kashmir from the Reserve of Officers and the Citizen Military Forces.

The RAAF's No. 38 Squadron Detachment B provided a DHC-4 Caribou from 1975 to 1979.

The first and longest-serving commander of UNMOGIP was Lieutenant General Robert Nimmo, CBE. He was an Australian Gallipoli veteran who had also served in World War II. Lieutenant General Nimmo was appointed as Chief Military Observer (CMO) in October 1950 and remained in command until his death from natural causes in Kashmir on 4 January 1966. His 15-year command is a UN record and one unlikely to be broken.

Contextual Information

National Peacekeepers' Day: On 14 September each year, Australia observes National Peacekeeper’s Day, the anniversary of Australia becaming the world's first peacekeepers to deploy into the field, in the Netherlands East Indies in 1947.

International Day of UN Peacekeepers: 29 May is a day of commemoration and acknowledgement of all military, police and civilian personnel who have served as peacekeepers with the UN. Since UN peacekeeping began, more than 4,000 peacekeepers from many countries have lost their lives while performing their duties under the UN flag.

Geotag

35.05428270758, 76.061095015255

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Links to additional resources

UNMOGIP Overview

UNMOGIP Medal

AWM Roll of Honour - Nimmo

Australian Army Museum of Western Australia

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